May 21, 2024  
2016-17 Catalog 
    
2016-17 Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Outdoor Adventure Leadership


The Outdoor Adventure Leadership program offers curriculum leading to a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science in Outdoor Adventure Leadership, or a minor in Outdoor Adventure Leadership.  For more information about these programs, go to Outdoor Adventure Leadership (OAL) BA or BS  , or Outdoor Adventure Leadership (OAL) Minor  .

Programs

Bachelor of Arts/Bachelor of Science

Minor

Courses

Outdoor Adventure Leadership

  • OAL 150 - Outdoor Living Skills


    3 credits
    Introduces students to the art of camping from front-country to backcountry skills that are applicable to any environment and activity. Field-based component included.
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 160 - Majors Orientation


    1 credit
    Introduces students to potential career paths, faculty within the department, and professional writing. (Cross-listed with HE 160 , PE 160 ).
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 170 - Bike Maintenance


    1 credit
    This is an activity-based class, which develops technical skills in bicycle maintenance and repair, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics. Repeatable to a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 171 - Boat Maintenance


    1 credit
    This is an activity-based class, which develops technical skills required to maintain and repair equipment used in the facilitation of whitewater trips, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 172 - Fly Fishing I


    1 credit
    This is an activity-based class, which develops technical skills in fly fishing, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 173 - Fly Fishing II


    1 credit
    This is an activity-based class, which builds on the technical skills developed in Fly Fishing I, and provides the opportunity of facilitation, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics.  Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits. Prerequisite(s):  OAL 172  .
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 174 - Backpacking


    1 credit
    This is an activity-based class, which develops technical skills in hiking, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics.  Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 175 - Mountaineering I


    1 credit
    This is an activity-based class, which develops technical skills in mountaineering, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 176 - Mountain Biking


    1 credit
    This is an activity-based class, which develops technical skills in mountain biking, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 177 - Rock Climbing I


    1 credit
    This is an activity-based class, which develops technical skills and fitness in rock climbing, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 178 - Sea Kayaking I


    1 credit
    This is an activity-based class, which develops technical skills in sea kayaking, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 179 - Skiing/Snowboarding


    1 credit
    This is an activity-based class, which develops technical skills in skiing or snowboarding (student’s choice), in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 180 - Ski and Snowboard Maintenance


    1 credit
    This is an activity-based class, which develops technical skills in ski and snowboard maintenance and repair, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 181 - Whitewater Rafting I


    1 credit
    This is an activity-based class, which develops technical skills in whitewater rafting and inflatable kayaking, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 182 - Whitewater Kayaking I


    1 credit
    This is an activity-based class, which develops technical skills in whitewater kayaking, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 183 - Trail Running


    1 credit
    An activity-based course that develops technical skills, fitness methodology and knowledge in mountain trail running, as well as environmental and social conduct in sharing space and developing community in mountain and other running settings.  Repeatable for up to 12 credits.
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 194 - Professional Activities


    1 to 2 credits
    Provides laboratory experience. Includes racquet sports, outdoor recreation, and rhythms. Each unit is presented with teaching techniques directed toward instruction and skill development. Emphasizes progression, sequence, participation, and planning. Repeatable for a maximum of 18 credits. (Cross-listed with PE 194 ).
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 199 - Special Studies


    1 to 8 credits
    Credits to be arranged. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 203 - Mountaineering II


    2 credits
    This is an activity-based class, which builds on the technical skills developed in Mountaineering I and provides the opportunity of facilitation, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics.Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits. Prerequisite(s):  OAL 175  .
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 204 - Rock Climbing II


    1 credit
    This is an activity-based class which teaches the art of sport lead climbing and lead belaying, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits. Prerequisite(s):  OAL 177  .
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 205 - Rock Climbing III


    2 credits
    This is an activity-based class, which develops technical skills and facilitation techniques for leading group rock climbing and education. This course also focuses on risk management, teaching techniques, as well as environmental and social ethics.Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits. Prerequisite(s): OAL 177  and OAL 204  .
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 206 - Sea Kayaking II


    2 credits
    This is an activity-based class, which builds on the technical skills developed in Sea Kayaking I and provides the opportunity of facilitation, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits. Prerequisite(s):  OAL 178  .
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 207 - Whitewater Rafting II


    2 credits
    This is an activity-based class, which builds on the technical skills developed in Whitewater I and provides the opportunity of facilitation, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits. Prerequisite(s):  OAL 181  .
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 208 - Whitewater Kayaking II


    2 credits
    This is an activity-based class, which builds on the technical skills developed in Whitewater Kayaking I and provides the opportunity of facilitation, in conjunction with risk management and environmental and social ethics. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits. Prerequisite(s):  OAL 182 .
    Graded Pass/No Pass only
  • OAL 223 - Wilderness Navigation


    2 credits
     Introduces students to wilderness navigation, including how to orient, navigate, and route find in a wilderness setting using maps, compass, altimeter and GPS. Mandatory field component included.
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 234 - Open Water SCUBA Diving


    2 credits
    Entry level scuba diving course that combines classroom and pool sessions to teach knowledge, techniques and skills needed to become comfortable and confident while scuba diving in open water. Students will receive Open Water certification upon successful completion. Mandatory field component included.
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 236 - Advanced SCUBA Diving


    1 credit
    Introduces advanced knowledge and skills in navigation, search and recovery, salvage techniques, night and limited visibility diving, diving maladies and mixed-air diving. Student will receive Open Water Advanced Level 2 or 3 certification upon successful completion. Mandatory field component included. Repeatable up to 2 credits. Prerequisite(s):  OAL 234  .
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 237 - Advanced SCUBA Diving Level 3


    1 credit
    Expands advanced knowledge and skills in navigation, search & recovery, salvage techniques, night and limited visibility diving and deep diving. Student will receive Advanced Open Water Level 3 certification upon successful completion. Mandatory field component included. Prerequisite(s): OAL 236  .
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 238 - Diver Rescue and Accident Management


    1 credit
    Provides students with the knowledge and techniques for recognizing and taking action in the event of a diving accident, focusing on cognizance, assessment, rescue and evacuation. Student will receive SEI Diver Rescue and Accident Management certification upon successful completion. Mandatory field component included. Grading option designated each term; students should consult current term schedule. Prerequisite(s): OAL 236  .
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 250 - Foundations in Outdoor Adventure Leadership


    3 credits
    Students will examine the history, philosophy and culture of exploration through the perspective of Outdoor Adventure Leadership, the fusion of experiential education, adventure, and transformative leadership. Mandatory field component included.
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 252 - Wilderness First Responder and CPR


    3 credits
    Designed to provide students with the tools to assess, treat and make critical medical and evacuation decisions in remote locations. Student will receive a 90-hour First Responder, CPR and AED certification upon successful completion.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 290 - Challenge Course Facilitation


    2 credits
    Includes the basics of challenge course facilitation, such as knots, belaying techniques, facilitation styles and industry best practices. Upon successful completion of the course and an 80% passing score on the written test, students can earn a “Level One Challenge Course Certification”. This certification is now the industry standard for challenge course facilitators, is a requirement to work on many courses in the U.S. and abroad, and meets all certification standards laid out by the ACCT (Association for Challenge Course Technology). There is a special fee for this course. Grading option designated each term; students should consult current term schedule.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 298 - Lifeguard Training


    3 credits
    Provides formal instruction and skills development required for lifeguard certification. Students will have the option to receive a lifeguard certification upon successful completion of the course. (Cross-listed with PE 298  .)
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 309 - Practicum: Field Experience


    3 credits
    Integrates the components of a student’s curriculum into a real-world working experience. Opportunities include, but are not limited to, a student-generated project, a practicum in an OAL setting, international travel, or any other approved activity. Provides a showcase in which the student can demonstrate education and experience gained during undergraduate work. Fee required for insurance. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits. Prerequisite(s): Field of Study restriction: OAL majors and minors.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 325 - Wilderness Nutrition and Backcountry Cooking


    3 credits
    Backcountry cooking skills for outdoor professionals are a critical component of providing safe, healthy, and enjoyable outdoor recreation experiences. Students will explore nutritional balance, sustainable food theory, energy needs, menu planning, and cooking with an emphasis on applying these concepts in a backcountry setting. Students will receive an Oregon Food Handlers Card addressing personal hygiene, temperature control, and prevention of cross contamination.
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 350 - Adventure Programming


    4 credits
    Students will learn to use unique and relevant experiential and challenging techniques to educate, recreate and develop life skills. Students will tailor activities to achieve desired outcomes related to specific learning objectives, with the core purpose of intensifying learning and insight by focusing on the process. Prerequisite(s): OAL 150   and OAL 250  .
    * This course was formerly offered under a different number; students who took the following course(s) will not receive additional credit unless otherwise noted: OAL 275
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 362 - Sustainability in Outdoor Programming


    3 credits
    Explores the planning and management of adventure programming, emphasizing the connections among the environment, culture and economy.
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 370 - Adventure-Based Therapy


    3 credits
    Examines how outdoor programs in wilderness, or similar landscapes, can be used for the purposes of personal growth, interpersonal growth, therapy, rehabilitation, leadership development and education. Emphasis is on improved communication skills, emotional intelligence, coping skills, and other techniques. Various therapeutic methods and theories will be explored.
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 399 - Special Studies


    1 to 8 credits
    Credits to be arranged. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 401 - Research


    1 to 8 credits
    Credits to be arranged. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 403 - Thesis


    1 to 8 credits
    Credits to be arranged. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 405 - Reading and Conference


    1 to 8 credits
    Credits to be arranged. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 407 - Seminar


    1 to 8 credits
    Credits to be arranged. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 409 - Practicum: Field Experience


    1 to 12 credits
    Integrates the components of a student’s curriculum into a real-world working experience. Opportunities include, but are not limited to, a student generated project, a practicum in an OAL setting, international travel, or any other approved activity. Provides a showcase in which the student can demonstrate education and experience gained during undergraduate work. Fee required for insurance. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits. Prerequisite(s): Field of Study restriction: OAL majors and minors.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 410 - Special Topics


    1 to 8 credits
    Credits to be arranged. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 425 - Research Methods in OAL


    4 credits
    Emphasizes integrated approaches to designing, facilitating, and evaluating adventure-based programs. Applies fundamental principles of inquiry, from qualitative and quantitative research design to action research and phenomenological description, analyzing a broad spectrum of outdoor adventure and leadership activities. Fulfills 4 credits of B.S. math/statistics requirement. Prerequisite(s): MTH 243 .
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 430 - Outdoor Survival


    3 credits
    Explores issues of human survival in the outdoor environment, with a strong practical component.
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 433 - Outdoor Adventure Literature


    3 credits
    An examination of the literature and contemporary writing in outdoor adventure including exploration, survival, sailing, mountaineering, whitewater boating, skiing, international expeditions, etc.  Course work consists of a series of reading assignments followed by oral reports and class discussions.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 435 - Adventure Writing and Photography


    3 credits
    Students will expand their writing and photography documenting skills and explore new ways to tell stories across multimedia platforms. Students will review and analyze examples of adventure journalism and gain technical skills in photography and point of view videography, learning how to apply these skills and knowledge in their coursework. Through this course, students will learn about the appropriate use of digital platforms to present and share their work and will gain experience in blogging and social media for journalistic purposes. Students will learn how to pitch their adventure pieces to media outlets for publication.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 450 - Adventure Programming Leadership


    4 credits
    Students will synthesize concepts presented in OAL 250 and 350 into a leadership role, including group dynamics, risk management, logistics, and trip design, execution, and evaluation. Prerequisite(s): OAL 350  .
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 452 - Minimal Impact Adventuring


    3 credits
    Students will evolve their knowledge, skills, and ability to lead others in an environmentally ethical way. They will develop an understanding of why the complexity, diversity, and fragility of wildlands guides how and where we teach, eat, sleep, travel, and learn skills. Students will synthesize this information to become more informed decision makers impacting their citizenship and stewardship beyond the backcountry.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 470 - Environmental Physiology


    3 credits
    Explores acute and chronic physiological adaptations and response to extreme environments, including altitude, hyperbaric conditions, heat exposure, and cold exposure. Examines metabolic and nutritional considerations for expeditionary-level activities.  (Cross-listed with PE 470 ).
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 476 - Experiential Leadership Development


    3 credits
    Promotes the development of leadership skills for outdoor recreation professionals. Combines theory with application through integrated classroom and field experiences. Emphasizes communication, experiential learning, self-reflection, and guided self-discovery techniques. Prerequisite(s): Junior standing or above.
    Grade mode designated on a CRN basis each term. Students should consult current term schedule.
  • OAL 480 - Swiftwater Rescue Technician Level I


    2 credits
    Designed for students and professionals who will be required to carry out rescues in a swiftwater and flood environment, including emergency services personnel, search and rescue teams, river guides, and others. The course is based on the philosophy of self-protection and application of low to high risk solutions. Student will receive Swiftwater Rescue Technician I certification upon successful completion.  Repeatable for a maximum of 4 credits.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 481 - Technical Rope Rescue


    2 credits
    Designed for students and professionals who will be required to carry out rescues in a high and low angle environment, including emergency services personnel, search and rescue teams, climbing guides, and others. The course is based on the philosophy of self-protection and application of low to high risk solutions. Student will receive Technical Rope Rescue Technician Level certification upon successful completion. Repeatable for a maximum of 4 credits.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 482 - Swiftwater Rescue Technician Advanced


    2 credits
    Designed for students and professionals who will be required to carry out rescues in a swiftwater and flood environment, with high and low angle elements, including emergency services personnel, search and rescue teams, river guides, and others. The course is based on the philosophy of self-protection and application of low to high risk solutions. Student will receive Swiftwater Rescue Technician Advanced certification upon successful completion.  Repeatable for a maximum of 4 credits. Prerequisite(s): OAL 480  and OAL 481  .
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 483 - Avalanche I


    1 credit
    Students will develop techniques and skills required to become a competent backcountry partner. This will include a combination of lectures and field sessions, where students will get hands on experience in learning about the snowpack layering, terrain management, weather elements, decision making, and rescue skills.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 495 - Outdoor Pursuits Field Experience


    6 credits
    Offers students practical experience with planning and facilitating outdoor adventure field trips. Students learn the history, principles, and practical application of outdoor pursuit theory and gain experience in activities such as rock climbing, rappelling, backpacking, whitewater activities and scuba diving. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 498 - Senior Capstone


    3 credits
    Integrates the components of a student’s curriculum into a culminating experience. Opportunities include, but are not limited to, a senior thesis or one of the following options with a supporting scholarly paper and an oral presentation to peers: a student-generated project, a practicum in an occupational setting, international travel, or other advisor-approved activity. Fee required for insurance. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits. Prerequisite(s): OAL 409 ; OAL majors with senior standing.
    * This course was formerly offered under a different number; students who took the following course(s) will not receive additional credit unless otherwise noted: OAL 443
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 501 - Research


    1 to 8 credits
    Credits to be arranged. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 503 - Thesis


    1 to 8 credits
    Credits to be arranged. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 505 - Reading and Conference


    1 to 8 credits
    Credits to be arranged. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 507 - Seminar


    1 to 8 credits
    Credits to be arranged. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 510 - Special Topics


    1 to 8 credits
    Credits to be arranged. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 525 - Research Methods in OAL


    4 credits
    Emphasizes integrated approaches to designing, facilitating, and evaluating recreation and adventure-based programs. Applies fundamental principles of inquiry, from qualitative and quantitative research design to action research and phenomenological description, analyzing a broad spectrum of outdoor adventure and leadership activities. Prerequisite(s): MTH 243 .
    Graded (A-F) only.
  • OAL 530 - Outdoor Survival


    3 credits
    Explores issues of human survival in the outdoor environment, with a strong practical component. (Cross-listed with PE 530 ).
    Graded (A-F) only.
  • OAL 533 - Outdoor Adventure Literature


    3 credits
    An examination of the literature and contemporary writing in outdoor adventure including exploration, survival, sailing, mountaineering, whitewater boating, skiing, international expeditions, etc.  Course work consists of a series of reading assignments followed by oral reports and class discussions.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 535 - Adventure Writing and Photography


    3 credits
    Students will expand their writing and photography documenting skills and explore new ways to tell stories across multimedia platforms. Students will review and analyze examples of adventure journalism and gain technical skills in photography and point of view videography, learning how to apply these skills and knowledge in their coursework. Through this course, students will learn about the appropriate use of digital platforms to present and share their work and will gain experience in blogging and social media for journalistic purposes. Students will learn how to pitch their adventure pieces to media outlets for publication.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 552 - Minimal Impact Adventuring


    3 credits
    Students will evolve their knowledge, skills, and ability to lead others in an environmentally ethical way. They will develop an understanding of why the complexity, diversity, and fragility of wildlands guides how and where we teach, eat, sleep, travel, and learn skills. Students will synthesize this information to become more informed decision makers impacting their citizenship and stewardship beyond the backcountry.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 570 - Environmental Physiology


    3 credits
    Explores acute and chronic physiological adaptations and response to extreme environments, including altitude, hyperbaric conditions, heat exposure, and cold exposure. Examines metabolic and nutritional considerations for expeditionary-level activities. (Cross-listed with PE 570 ).
    Graded (A-F) only.
  • OAL 576 - Experiential Leadership Development


    3 credits
    Promotes the development of leadership skills for outdoor recreation professionals. Combines theory with application through integrated classroom and field experiences. Emphasizes communication, experiential learning, self-reflection, and guided self-discovery techniques. Prerequisite(s): Junior standing or above, or graduate standing.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 580 - Swiftwater Rescue Technician Level I


    2 credits
    Designed for students and professionals who will be required to carry out rescues in a swiftwater and flood environment, including emergency services personnel, search and rescue teams, river guides, and others. The course is based on the philosophy of self-protection and application of low to high risk solutions. Repeatable for a maximum of 4 credits.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 581 - Technical Rope Rescue


    2 credits
    Designed for students and professionals who will be required to carry out rescues in a high and low angle environment, including emergency services personnel, search and rescue teams, river guides, and others. The course is based on the philosophy of self-protection and application of low to high risk solutions. Repeatable for a maximum of 4 credits.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 582 - Swiftwater Rescue Technician Advanced


    2 credits
    Designed for students and professionals who will be required to carry out rescues in a swiftwater and flood environment, including emergency services personnel, search and rescue teams, river guides, and others. The course is based on the philosophy of self-protection and application of low to high risk solutions. Repeatable for a maximum of 4 credits. Prerequisite(s): OAL 580  and OAL 581  .
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 583 - Avalanche I


    1 credit
    Students will develop techniques and skills required to become a competent backcountry partner. This will include a combination of lectures and field sessions, where students will get hands on experience in learning about the snowpack layering, terrain management, weather elements, decision making, and rescue skills.
    Graded (A-F) only
  • OAL 595 - Outdoor Pursuits Field Experience


    6 credits
    Offers students practical experience with planning and facilitating outdoor adventure field trips. Students learn the history, principles, and practical application of outdoor pursuit theory and gain experience in activities such as rock climbing, rappelling, backpacking, whitewater activities and scuba diving. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits.
    Graded (A-F) only